What are Corns?

Corns are conical shaped areas of thickened, hardened skin, with the point of the cone of the corn being deep within the tissues, hence causing pain if it presses on a nerve. Corns are caused by repeated pressure and friction and can be very uncomfortable and painful, it is often described as feeling like you are walking on a stone.

Types of Corns

  • Hard Corn

  • Soft Corn

  • Seed Corns

  • Vascular/Neurovascular Corn

  • Fibrous Corn

This is the most common type of corn, and it usually appears within a wider area of callus. They are usually found on weight bearing areas or on the tops or sides of toes due to constant pressure from footwear.

This type of corn develops in a similar way to hard corn; however, they are commonly found in between the toes where the skin is moist due to sweat or not drying thoroughly.

These are tiny corns that appear in clusters or single and are superficial, hence usually painless.

These are corns that have nerve fibres and blood vessels in them, therefore they can be very painful and can bleed profusely when removed.

These corns are more firmly attached to the deeper tissues than the other types of corn and occur when corns have been there for a long while

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The Causes

Understanding the causes of corns is crucial for prevention and effective treatment, ensuring long-term foot health and comfort.

Friction & Pressure

Corns are caused by constant pressure and friction. This can be caused by high heels and poor footwear such as steel toe cap boots.

Biomechanical Issues

Poor and tight-fitted footwear crowds the toes and increases the pressure on the toes, increasing the risk of ingrown toenails.Certain foot structures and foot mechanics can increase the exertion of pressure on specific areas of the feet, resulting in corns forming.

Treatment Options

There are many treatment options for corns, primarily debridement and enucleation will always be carried out, which involves carefully removing the overlying callus and removing the corn, this provides immediate relief, alleviates pain, and restores comfort.dent on this, the most suitable treatment option will be discussed.

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  • Debridement and Enucleation

    Debridement is the removal of the callus and hard skin overlying the corn, using a sterile blade. Thereafter, enucleation is a procedure where the corn is removed and cut out using a sterile blade.

  • Footwear Review & Advice

    Reviewing footwear can identify if the footwear is causing excessive pressure and friction on the feet. Having more suitable footwear can prevent corns from forming.

  • Insoles

    Due to foot structures and foot mechanics, certain areas of the foot may be having excessive pressure causing corns, thus the use of insoles can offload the area and redistribute the pressure within the foot. 

  • Padding/Cushioning

    Certain areas of the foot may be having excessive pressure causing corns, thus the use of semi compressed felt padding the area can be offloaded and the pressure can be redistributed within the foot.  

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